Degenerative disc disease (DDD) usually affects older people because it’s caused by the effects of aging on the spine. The intervertebral discs can become stiff and rigid, causing pain and other symptoms. However, there are many treatments, including physical therapy, medications, exercise, and surgery.
As a disc degenerates, the soft inner gel in the disc can leak back into the spinal canal. This is known as
disc herniation, or
herniated disc. Once inside the spinal canal, the herniated disc material then puts pressure on the nerve, causing pain to radiate down the nerve leading to
sciatica or leg pain (from a
lumbar herniated disc) or arm pain (from a
cervical herniated disc).